{"id":12807,"date":"2024-12-12T11:30:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T11:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bridgeblacksea.org\/?page_id=12807"},"modified":"2024-12-16T13:09:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T13:09:00","slug":"ps6-eastern-black-sea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bridgeblacksea.org\/index.php\/ps6-eastern-black-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"PS6- Eastern Black Sea"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tPILOT SITE 6\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t
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EASTERN BLACK SEA<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tABOUT THE PS6\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>
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Georgia\u2019s coastline stretches approximately 310 km, with over 150 rivers flowing into the Black Sea. The region\u2019s coastal habitats<\/strong> include sedimentary shores, saline lagoons, estuaries, deltas, wetlands, and rocky shores.<\/p>\n

The Ajara Autonomous Republic\u2019s<\/strong> coastline extends 50 km, from the Georgian-Turkish border<\/strong> to the mouth of the Natanebi River. This arc-shaped section features sandy and pebble beaches, alongshore sand-pebble levees (modern and ancient embankments), and occasional steep rocky sections, such as in Tsikhisdziri, Mtsvane Kontskhi, and Kalenderi headland. The coastline is mainly formed by alluvial sediments<\/strong>, part of the Chorokhi morphodynamic system, and is divided into three sub-systems: 1) <\/strong>Kvariati-Batumi Cape 2) <\/strong>Batumi-Tsikhisdziri Cape 3) <\/strong>Tsikhisdziri Cape\u2013Natanebi River Mouth<\/p>\n

The seabed consists of three geomorphological elements: the continental shelf, continental slope, and abyssal plain. The shelf, occupying 24% of the sea area, extends from the coast to depths of 90\u2013120 m, where the slope steepens sharply. Its width varies, reaching 200 km in the north and narrowing near the Caucasus and North Turkey. Along Georgia\u2019s coast, the shelf is narrow, with a 160 m depth isobath, and Ajara\u2019s coastline features areas with a 25 m isobath.<\/p>\n

The continental slope, covering 40% of the seabed, ranges from 100 m to 2000 m in depth and features underwater canyons, including those of Batumi, Chorokhi, and Kintrishi. The abyssal plain, covering 36% of the seabed, is almost flat and lies within the 2000 m isobath.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tKEY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhile fisheries and aquaculture currently contribute modestly to Georgia\u2019s GDP, they possess significant development potential.\n\nMarine capture fisheries: Anchovy dominates the catch, comprising 90% of the total commercial haul, with sprat, whiting, and spiny dogfish making up the remainder.\nAquaculture: Growth opportunities exist with better resource utilization and scaled-up farming efforts, though monitoring sector dynamics remains a challenge.\nDespite higher fish imports than exports, sustainable practices could transform fisheries and aquaculture into a more prominent economic contributor.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPORTS AND SHIPPING\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMaritime transport is a vital pillar of Georgia's regional economy, interconnecting foreign policy, trade, ecology, tourism, education, employment, and maritime security. Georgia\u2019s coastline hosts four key seaports: Batumi and Poti: Major trading hubs and international gateways for Georgia and Armenia. Supsa and Kulevi: Strategic oil terminals.\nWith a combined turnover capacity of 50 million tons annually, these ports are critical to regional trade and energy distribution. However, ballast water discharge and port operations contribute to marine pollution. Batumi\u2019s oil terminal features infrastructure to manage and treat ballast water effectively.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTOURISM\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Black Sea coast\u2019s natural assets significantly contribute to Georgia's economy, with tourism as a cornerstone of the coastal economy. Coastal tourism, a priority sector for the country, generates approximately 71% of Georgia's service export revenue. With a healthy Black Sea environment, the sector holds substantial growth potential.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tSUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY OPPORTUNITIES\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>
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\n FOOD PROVISIONING FROM AQUACULTURE <\/h3>\n

Blue economy opportunities in aquaculture focus on sustainable growth, as outlined in the National Plan for Aquaculture, aiming to increase seafood production while minimizing environmental impacts. <\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n TOURISM <\/h3>\n

In tourism, opportunities lie in extending the tourist season and diversifying offerings, such as pesca-tourism and cultural tourism, which blend maritime activities with local culture and heritage, attracting year-round visitors. <\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tKEY MULTI-STRESSORS\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCLIMATE CHANGE\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe region's maritime climate results from humid air masses interacting with the Caucasus and Meskheti mountains, while local currents are shaped by monsoons and mountain winds. Average annual temperatures range from 13\u00b0C to 14.5\u00b0C, with Batumi being the warmest at 14.5\u00b0C. From 1986 to 2010, temperatures rose by 0.2\u00b0C in Batumi and 0.5\u00b0C in Kobuleti, reversing earlier declines. Rainfall between 1990 and 2010 decreased by 10 mm in Batumi and 85 mm in Kobuleti but increased by 121 mm in Chakvi. The tidal range remains minimal at under 10 cm, classifying the region as microtidal.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCOASTAL EROSION\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nCoastal erosion, particularly severe at the mouth of the Chorokhi River, significantly impacts natural resources, causing beach loss, habitat degradation, and disruptions to ecosystem services. Human activities exacerbate these effects, not only hindering tourism development but also affecting fisheries, transport infrastructure, and the physical structure of the coastline.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSTORMS AND FLOODS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStorms and floods, including powerful sea storms and river flooding, drive the flow of urban waste, sludge, and alluvial debris, significantly impacting coastal areas and the marine environment.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEUTROPHICATION\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNitrogen and phosphorus are vital for the tissue formation of all living organisms, and their concentration in water bodies depends on biochemical and biological processes. However, the distinction between these elements is not absolute, as others also contribute to biological functions. In assessing coastal ecological conditions, hydrochemical factors, especially river inflows, are crucial. Given these considerations, the evaluation of nutrients such as ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and phosphates was a significant part of BRIDGE-BS research. Throughout the research, nutrient levels were found to be low, even excessively so.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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BRIDGE-BS ACTIVITIES IN THE PS6<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Asset\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\n
\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n <\/i> <\/div>\n\n
\n \n <\/i> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n SAMPLING<\/span>\n\n \n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n
\n\n
\n

Research stations, sampling depths, and chemical and biological indicators have been identified. Consequently, chemical and biological observations were conducted at five stations (see Table 1).<\/p>

Table 1. Black Sea Ajara Zone Monitoring Information<\/strong><\/p>
Station N<\/th>Station Name<\/th>Water Area<\/th>Strata<\/th>Depth (m)<\/th>Coordinates (DD)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ST1<\/td>Kvariati_1<\/td>Kvariati<\/td><30<\/td>27<\/td>N: 41\u00b0 56.3914', E: 41\u00b0 55.6864'<\/td><\/tr>
ST2<\/td>Sarpi_2<\/td>Sarpi<\/td>>30<\/td>47.5<\/td>N: 41\u00b0 55.4417', E: 41\u00b0 54.8000'<\/td><\/tr>
ST3<\/td>Chaqvi_1<\/td>Chaqvi<\/td><30<\/td>23<\/td>N: 41\u00b0 71.5800', E: 41\u00b0 69.6750'<\/td><\/tr>
ST4<\/td>Chaqvi_2<\/td>Chaqvi<\/td>>30<\/td>39<\/td>N: 41\u00b0 72.0650', E: 41\u00b0 69.1450'<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Table 2. The Black Sea Georgia Zone Monitoring Chemical and Biological Parameters<\/strong><\/p>

Chemical indicators\/parameters <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Biological indicators<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Temperature<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Phytoplankton<\/strong><\/p>

Total abundance cells\/m3<\/p>

biomass mg\/m3<\/p>

species composition<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Transparency<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

pH<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

TSS<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Salinity<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Mesozooplankton<\/strong><\/p>

Total abundance cells\/m3<\/p>

biomass mg\/m3<\/p>

species composition<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Dissolved<\/strong> oxygen DO <\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Ammonia NH4-N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Nitrite NO2-N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Nitrate NO3-N<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

Zoobenthos<\/strong><\/p>

Biodiversity<\/p>

number (ind\/m2)<\/p>

biomass (g\/m2)<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Phosphate PO4-P<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

TP<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

TN<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Heavy metals - Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Organochlorine Pesticides<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Marine litter (riverine, beach and sea floating)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Chemical indicators\/parameters in sediments<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Heavy metals - Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, As<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

TPH<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

TOC<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

Onboard activities:<\/strong><\/p>