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MARINE LIVING RESOURCES AND AQUACULTURE

The marine living resources are all organisms in the seas and oceans, ranging from microscopic bacteria to giant fish and mammals, and representing the biological component of our oceans. The marine living resources include all of the organisms that are utilized by humans, such as for harvesting or recreational uses. Most of the organisms are harvested for human consumption, but they also provide many other products and materials.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

The Marine living resources sector encompasses the harvesting of renewable biological resources (primary sector), their conversion into food, feed, bio-based products, and bioenergy (processing), and their distribution along the supply chain. The EU is the sixth largest producer of fishery and aquaculture products (behind China, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, and Peru), covering around 3% of global production. However, overall production has been rather stable in the last decades. 

ECONOMIC VALUE

According to the latest report on the EU fishing fleet, the EU-27 fleet continued to be profitable in 2018, with an overall gross profit of €1.5 billion and a net profit of almost €800 million. This represents significant progress, considering that the EU fleet was barely breaking even in 2008. Furthermore, the socio-economic data suggest that the economic performance and salaries of EU fishers tend to improve where fleets depend on stocks that are targeted sustainably and tend to stagnate where fleets depend on stocks that remain overfished or overexploited.

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Salmon fish farm. Hordaland, Norway.

PRODUCTION

EU aquaculture production has stagnated over the last decades even if its value has increased. The production of mussels has decreased in recent years due to environmental factors (harmful algae blooms, lack of seed, diseases). The production of other important species (such as sea bream and seabass), where the producers have a higher degree of control on the production factors, has increased. Considering the increasing demand for seafood products and the opportunity to establish new farms partly due to Maritime Spatial Planning, it seems realistic to expect a growth of the EU aquaculture products, in particular of those with a high degree of control.

EXPLORE THE OPPORTUNITIES

Occupation

Description

Hydrologist

Hydrologists play an important role in keeping our oceans and other bodies of water safe for wildlife and humans. They not only study the movement of water, but also water quality. They spend a considerable amount of time in the field, taking samples to test for and measure the level of pollutants.

Though they spend quite a bit of time out in the field, hydrologists also work in labs testing samples taken, analyzing data, and creating reports

Marine biologist

/Ichthyologist

Marine biologists study salt water organisms and how they interact with their ecosystem and considering an estimated 50% to 80% of all life on earth is found under the sea, marine biologists have their work cut out for them. They conduct studies either in controlled settings or natural habitats to analyze the characteristics, reproduction, and movement patterns of marine life. Degrees in zoology, wildlife biology, or ecology are typical for marine biologists. Master’s degrees are often required for higher-level investigative work, and PhDs are necessary for independent research or university positions.

Marine ecologist and dive operations manager

A marine ecologist performs research on aquatic systems, focusing on how water organisms interact with their environment. They can work in laboratories or out in the field, gathering data and experimenting. One main goal is to preserve life in water bodies. A marine ecologist studies the interaction between sea creatures and their habitat. He or she can also focus on the human population's effect on marine environments.

Aquatic toxicologist

Toxicologists study the types of contaminants that are hazardous to marine organisms, vegetation, wildlife, and humans in aquatic environments. While they spend very little of their time in the field, their work in the lab is valuable. Toxicologists spend much of their day testing samples, analyzing or collecting data, and creating reports.

Fishery data manager

The role of the Fishery Data Manager is to manage the collection, storage, and dissemination of accurate and comprehensive scientific data for regional and national fisheries management authorities.

Environmental engineer

https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/marine-biologist

Aquarist

Aquarists work in aquariums and may have a variety of responsibilities depending on their position and experience. They work with a variety of marine life from fish to large mammals. They may be responsible for maintaining the tanks and equipment, feeding the wildlife, leading visitor presentations, and working with the wildlife. While many responsibilities of an aquarist may be handled outside of the water, some activities should be performed in the water.

Fisheries Manager

Fisheries managers oversee the day-to-day activities at fisheries, where fish are raised for commercial purposes. Their duties could include a variety of responsibilities including maintaining equipment, monitoring growth, training team members, and record keeping. They must work well in groups as they often are required to collaborate with other team members as well as managers from other facilities.

Aquaculturist

Aquaculture is one of many types of marine conservation careers. Aquaculturists work to ensure that the fish and shellfish populations remain in healthy numbers by raising and harvesting these marine animals. The fish are raised for commercial purposes to be sold as food and also for restocking bodies of water for recreational fishing. Aquaculturists must understand the development of fish and shellfish to ensure that the fish are healthy and safe to eat.

No Education/Specialty Program University Country City Web page
1 Biology* MSc Sofia University “Kliment Ohridski” Bulgaria Sofia https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/bul/universitet_t/fakulteti/biologicheski_fakultet2/specialnosti/magist_rski_programi/biologicheski_fakultet/biologiya/
2 Zoology MSc Sofia University “Kliment Ohridski” Bulgaria Sofia https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/faculties/faculty_of_biology2/degree_programmes/master_s_degree_programmes/faculty_of_biology/biology/zoology
3 Algology and mycology* MSc Sofia University “Kliment Ohridski” Bulgaria Sofia https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/bul/universitet_t/fakulteti/biologicheski_fakultet2/specialnosti/magist_rski_programi/biologicheski_fakultet/biologiya/algologiya_i_mikologiya
Applied Hydrobiology and aquaculture* MSc Sofia University “Kliment Ohridski” Bulgaria Sofia https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/bul/universitet_t/fakulteti/biologicheski_fakultet2/specialnosti/magist_rski_programi/biologicheski_fakultet/biologiya/prilozhna_hidrobiologiya_i_akvakulturi
Biodiversity, ecology, and conservation MSc Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski” Bulgaria Plovdiv https://bio.uni-plovdiv.bg/bg/%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%8a%d1%80%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b8/
The technology of meat, fish, and egg products* MSc University of food technologies Bulgaria Plovdiv https://uft-plovdiv.bg/site_files/file/ksk2012_anot/magistri/2_MESO(2).pdf
Aquaculture* MSc Thracian University Bulgaria Stara Zagora http://uni-sz.bg/truni2/wp-content/uploads/af/file/Magistar/MagJivN6(3).pdf
Fish farming, fisheries, and industrial fishing* PhD Thracian University Bulgaria Stara Zagora http://uni-sz.bg/truni2/%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/
Biology (Master of Biology in Genetics / Biodiversity / Hydrobiology) MSc Shota Rustaveli state university Georgia Batumi https://www.bsu.edu.ge/text_files/en_file_172_2.pdf
Ecology MSc Shota Rustaveli state university Georgia Batumi https://www.bsu.edu.ge/text_files/en_file_1977_1.pdf
Aquatic bioresources science and engineering* MSc Dunarea de Jos University Romania Galati https://www.en.ugal.ro/education/study-programmes/master/romanian_master
MSc in Aquatic Environment Engineering and Science MSc Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Romania Bucharest https://www.masterstudies.com/MSc-in-Aquatic-Environment-Engineering-and-Science/Romania/Technical-University-of-Civil-Engineering-Bucharest/
Molecular biology & Genetics MSc, PhD Yildiz Technical University Turkey Istanbul https://bio.yildiz.edu.tr/en/bio/4/Graduate/53
Food Engineering MSc, PhD Yildiz Technical University Turkey Istanbul http://www.bologna.yildiz.edu.tr/index.php?r=program/view&id=384&aid=109
  Environmental Engineering MSc Yildiz Technical University Turkey Istanbul http://bologna.yildiz.edu.tr/index.php?r=program/view&id=244&aid=29
  Chemical and Biological Engineering MSc, PhD Koc University Turkey Istanbul https://gsse.ku.edu.tr/en/graduate-programs/chemical-and-biological-engineering/ms-with-thesis/
  Molecular biology and Genetics MSc, PhD Koc University Turkey Istanbul https://gsse.ku.edu.tr/en/graduate-programs/molecular-biology-and-genetics/program-overview/
  Molecular Biology* MSc, PhD Bogazici University Turkey Istanbul http://www.boun.edu.tr/en_US/Content/Academic/Graduate_Catalogue/The_Inst_for_Grad_Studies_In_Sciences_and_Eng/Graduate_Programs_In_Molecular_Biology_
  Environmental Science* MSc Bogazici University Turkey Istanbul http://www.boun.edu.tr/en-US/Content/Academic/Graduate_Catalogue
  Fisheries Technology and Management* MSc, PhD Istanbul University Turkey Istanbul https://subilimleri.istanbul.edu.tr/en/content/education/postgraduate-study
  Seafood processing Technology* MSc, PhD Istanbul University Turkey Istanbul https://subilimleri.istanbul.edu.tr/en/content/education/postgraduate-study
  Marine Biology* MSc, PhD Istanbul University Turkey Istanbul https://subilimleri.istanbul.edu.tr/en/content/education/postgraduate-study
  Aquaculture* MSc, PhD Istanbul University Turkey Istanbul https://subilimleri.istanbul.edu.tr/en/content/education/postgraduate-study
  Fish diseases* MSc, PhD Istanbul University Turkey Istanbul https://subilimleri.istanbul.edu.tr/en/content/education/postgraduate-study
  Fisheries technology and Engineering* ? Karadeniz Turkey Trabzon https://www.ktu.edu.tr/deniz-bolumler
   Marine science* ? Karadeniz Turkey Trabzon https://www.ktu.edu.tr/deniz-bolumler
  Environmental Engineering MSc, PhD Dokuz Eylul University Turkey Izmir https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_9479_eng.html
  Marine living resources* (30% in English) MSc, PhD Dokuz Eylul University Turkey Izmir https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_1557_eng.html
  Marine Chemistry* (30% in English) MSc, PhD Dokuz Eylul University Turkey Izmir https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_1558_eng.html
  Physical Oceanography* (30% in English) MSc, PhD Dokuz Eylul University Turkey Izmir https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_8869_eng.html
  Environmental sciences and Engineering MSc, PhD Istanbul Technical University Turkey Istanbul https://fbe.itu.edu.tr/en/education/programs?program=CEV_CB