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Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries, contributing trillions of dollars to the global economy and supporting the livelihoods of an estimated one in ten people worldwide.
Coastal and maritime tourism is the largest maritime activity in Europe and is closely linked to many other parts of the economy. It could be composited by location as coastal tourism and maritime tourism, by sub-sectors as beach-based and water-based or other.*
Coastal and maritime tourism employs more than 2.8 million people in 2018, and personnel costs reached €52.2 billion, up from €46.9 billion in 2009, amounting to an average wage of about €18 360 in 2018*. With anticipated global growth rates of more than 3.5%, coastal and marine tourism is projected to be the largest value-adding segment of the ocean economy by 2030, at 26%*.
The sub-sectors: Accommodation, Transport, and Other expenditures accounted for 64% of the jobs, 45 % of the GVA, and 41% of the profits in the EU Blue Economy in 2018*. More than 2.8 million people were directly employed in the sector in 2018 as Spain leads with 26% of the jobs and 30% of the GVA, followed by Greece, Italy, and France. Other expenditures generated over 1.3 million jobs, corresponding to 46% of the Coastal tourism direct employment, Accommodation employed 1.1 million persons (39%) and transport a further 422 850 jobs (15%)*.
The impact of the COVID-19 crisis particularly affected countries heavily relying on Coastal tourism: Greece (-12% in overall GDP), Croatia (-10%), Malta, and Spain (both -9%). Due to strong reliance on air travel, these countries registered a decline in Coastal tourism whereas countries such as Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Poland registered expected activity or exceeded it.
Coastal tourism | |
Occupation | Description |
Hotel Manager | Hotel managers are responsible for overseeing the daily functions of a hotel. They hire new employees, create and implement hotel policies, work with vendors, and present data about the hotel's operations to the owners. Hotel managers usually need excellent customer service skills. They should be able to resolve difficult guest issues smoothly and efficiently. To communicate with guests, they need emotional intelligence so they can listen to and understand customers’ needs with ease. Hotel managers should have the ability to think critically and make informed decisions quickly. They not only do review and solve difficult customer issues, but they also must ensure each department operates smoothly to create a satisfactory guest experience. |
Hotel Operations Manager | Operations managers are responsible for improving the way a company operates. They hire new staff and create training standards for new employees. Operations managers may also write or edit HR documents to ensure they meet industry standards and regulations, manage budgets and meet with other companies to build beneficial relationships for their company. Many companies prefer operations manager candidates to have advanced degrees. A Master’s Degree in Business Administration or another business field like finance can help applicants be more qualified candidates for operations manager positions. |
Marketing Director | A marketing director develops a brand’s strategy, creates campaigns to improve brand awareness, and helps increase sales. Marketing directors lead marketing teams, guiding them to complete projects and meet marketing objectives. A marketing director has the following responsibilities: Identify customer trends and adjust marketing plans; Lead marketing teams to complete projects; Meet with marketing partners and vendors to fill in gaps; Allocate marketing budget across digital, print, and media platforms; Coordinate with operations and sales to meet company goals. |
Cruise ships | |
Deck and engine room staff ( reference to section Maritime transport, Shipping) | These are responsible for maintenance and, therefore, the safety of passengers. A lot of positions fall under this category, including: Captain/Master, Staff Captain, Safety Officer, Environmental Compliance Officer, Officers (1st, 2nd, 3rd), Chief Engineer, Staff Chief Engineer, Engineers (1st, 2nd, 3rd) Their roles are closely related to the vessel operations. Relevant education and certifications are required by the cruising companies. Roles will suit those with a degree and experience in navigation(deck staff) or engineering(engine room staff). |
Hotel Services Engineer | The Hotel Services Engineer is managing the entire hotel technical department of the cruise ship. He/ she is responsible for the maintenance and repair of all machinery, equipment, and systems outside the main engine room. |
Chief Electrical Engineer | The Chief Electrical Engineer/ Chief Electrician has the responsibility of overseeing the operation and maintenance of the electrical plant and associated electrical systems throughout the cruise ship. The Chief Electrician ensures that all electrical. |
Electronic Engineer | The Electronic Engineer is responsible for the maintenance and repair of all electronic equipment and systems aboard the cruise ship and works under the supervision of the Chief Electrical Engineer. The ship's equipment/systems maintained by the electronic engineer include (but are not limited to) electronic and navigation equipment on the bridge, satellite communication system, electronic equipment in the engine control room, ship's entertainment and TV systems including TV sets, ship's telephone system, telephone sets, and personal pagers, camera surveillance system, public address system, UPS systems, fire detection systems, fire, and water-tight doors control systems. |
IT staff | On-board information technology teams oversee and support all shipboard IT systems and operations. Roles suit those with a degree or experience in information technology. |
Managers | These positions are available with cruise companies both on land and at sea. These roles are ideal for those with experience or qualifications in business, management or leisure, travel or tourism management. |
Human Resources Manager | He/she oversees and manages the entire human resources division of the cruise ship with an emphasis on vital functions: training and development, performance management, conflict resolution, promotions, transfers, employee relations, employee turnover, berthing compliance, progressive discipline, time and attendance, benefits and compensation administration, policies, procedures, and regulatory compliance. |
Cruise Director | The Cruise Director is responsible for the entertainment department and supervises and evaluates the performance of all department personnel - Headline Entertainers, Production Show Cast Members, Stage Manager, Stage Staff, Sound and Light Technicians, Bandmaster, Musicians, Cruise (Activities), and Youth Staff |
No | Education/Specialty | Program | University | Country | City | Web page |
1 | International tourism business* | MSc | University of Economics -Varna | Bulgaria | Varna | |
2 | Economics and Management(Tourism) | PhD | University of Economics -Varna | Bulgaria | Varna | https://ue-varna.bg/en/p/8584/admission//phd
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3 | Management in tourist destinations* | MSc | Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” | Bulgaria | Sofia |
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4 | Tourism,(Cultural Tourism, Ecotourism)* | MSc | Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” | Bulgaria | Sofia |
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5 | Recreation and Tourism Geography | PhD | Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” | Bulgaria | Sofia | https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/education/phd_students/accredited_scientific_majors
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6 | International Tourism* | MSc | The University of National and World Economy | Bulgaria | Sofia | https://www.unwe.bg/en/pages/11857/specialities.html
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7 | Sea tourism Management * | MSc | Batumi State Maritime Academy | Georgia | Batumi | https://bsma.edu.ge/page/sabakalavro-saganmanatleblo-programebi#2
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8 | Tourism and Hospitality Management | MSc | Shota Rustavelli State University | Georgia | Batumi | |
9 | Smart Urban Coastal Sustainability | Joint Master´s programme | Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (EU-Conexus) | Romania | Bucharest | https://utcb.ro/en/eu-conexus/minor-programmes/coastal-development-and-sustainable-maritime-tourism/
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10 | Smart Urban Coastal Sustainability | Joint Ph.D. Programme | Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (EU-Conexus) | Romania | Bucharest | https://utcb.ro/en/eu-conexus/minor-programmes/coastal-development-and-sustainable-maritime-tourism/
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11 | Master in Tourism Management and Planning | MSc | University Oradea | Romania | Oradea | https://www.masterstudies.com/Master-in-Tourism-Management-and-Planning/Romania/University-Oradea/
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12 | Business Management in Tourism and Aviation | MSc | Romanian-American University | Romania | Brasov | https://www.rau.ro/find-a-ma-program/?lang=en |
13 | Master in Business Management in Trade and Tourism | MSc | Danubius University | Romania | Galati | https://www.univ-danubius.ro/en/facultatea-de-stiinte-economice/programe-de-master |
14 | Business Administration in Tourism and the Industry of Hospitality | MSc | Danubius University | Romania | Galati | https://www.univ-danubius.ro/en/facultatea-de-stiinte-economice/programe-de-master |
15 | Planning Of New Tourism Products And Destination Management | MSc | University Stefan Cel Mare | Romania | Siceava | https://feaa.usv.ro/programe-master/#
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16 | Business Administration In International Hospitality And Tourism |
| University Stefan Cel Mare | Romania | Siceava | https://feaa.usv.ro/programe-master/managementul-firmelor-de-comert-turism-si-servicii/# |
17 | Tourism Planning and Development* | MSc | Babes Bolyai University | Romania | Cluj -Napoca | https://www.ubbcluj.ro/en/programe_academice/masterat/ |
18 | Business Administration in Tourism, Commerce, and Services* | MSc | Babes Bolyai University | Romania | Cluj -Napoca | https://www.ubbcluj.ro/en/programe_academice/masterat/ |
19 | Sustainable Tourism Management | MSc | Boğaziçi University | Turkey | Istanbul | http://www.boun.edu.tr/en_US/Content/Academic/Graduate_Catalogue/The_Institute_for_Graduate_Studies_In_Social_/Graduate_Program_In_Sustainable_Tourism_Management |
20 | Marine Tourism | Msc | Dokuz Eylul University | Turkey | Izmir | https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_9577_eng.html |
21 | Marine Tourism and Yacht-Master Non-Thesis (Evening) | MSc | Dokuz Eylul University | Turkey | Izmir | https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/bolum_9354_eng.html |
22 | Marine Tourism | PhD | Dokuz Eylul University | Turkey | Izmir | https://debis.deu.edu.tr/ders-katalog/2020-2021/eng/ |
23 | Tourism (sea and river) | MSc | Odessa National Maritime University | Ukraine | Odessa | https://onmu.odessa.ua/images/applic/pdf/Specialties%20of%20ONMU_2020
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000240.
Coastal and maritime tourism employs more than 2.8 million people in 2018, and personnel costs reached €52.2 billion, up from €46.9 billion in 2009, amounting to an average wage of about €18 360 in 2018*. With anticipated global growth rates of more than 3.5%, coastal and marine tourism is projected to be the largest value-adding segment of the ocean economy by 2030, at 26%*.
Half of European coastal tourism’s jobs and value-added are located in the Mediterranean, but the Atlantic, Baltic, and the Black Sea regions have significant shares too. Attracting more than one-third of all tourism businesses in Europe, coastal areas are important for growth and jobs, in particular for young people, since 45% of tourism workers are between 16 and 35 years old*.
According to the UN World Tourism Organization, International Tourist Arrivals (ITA) are expected to increase worldwide by 65% from 2010 to reach several 1.8 billion arrivals per year by 2030. The growth (2010-2030) will be faster for emerging and developing regions compared to developed regions. While Europe will remain the leading region with almost 780 million tourists by 2030, ITA will increase by 150% for Asia and the Pacific region reaching up to 500 million tourists; it will grow by 47% in America with 220 million tourists and double in Africa and the Middle East reaching respectively 100 million and 200 millions by 2030**.
The sub-sectors: Accommodation, Transport, and Other expenditures accounted for 64% of the jobs, 45 % of the GVA, and 41% of the profits in the EU Blue Economy in 2018*. More than 2.8 million people were directly employed in the sector in 2018 as Spain leads with 26% of the jobs and 30% of the GVA, followed by Greece, Italy, and France. Other expenditures generated over 1.3 million jobs, corresponding to 46% of the Coastal tourism direct employment, Accommodation employed 1.1 million persons (39%) and transport a further 422 850 jobs (15%)*.
In 2012 cruise tourism alone generated a direct turnover of € 15.5 billion and employed 330,000 people; European ports had 29.3 million passenger visits, a 75% over 2006*. Cruise tourism is a significant and growing segment and an important contributor to the global economy. The sector grew by 53% over the past decade in Europe*. In 2019, the total economic impact of the industry was €127.1 billion globally, creating 1.16 million jobs and grossing €126.8 billion in wages and salaries.
Europe is the largest cruise shipbuilder and the second most popular cruise destination in the world. The economic impact of cruise tourism does not only contribute to employment within tourism itself but is also associated with employment in services and government, the transportation industry, wholesale and retail sales, finance, insurance, and real estate as well as agriculture, utilities, and construction.
Given the importance of cruise tourism to economies around the world, the impact of the suspension of cruising in 2020 had far-reaching effects across the cruise community, which includes ports, destinations, service providers, tour operators, travel agents, and hundreds of thousands of small and medium-sized businesses*.
The impact of the COVID-19 crisis particularly affected countries heavily relying on Coastal tourism: Greece (-12% in overall GDP), Croatia (-10%), Malta, and Spain (both -9%). Due to strong reliance on air travel, these countries registered a decline in Coastal tourism whereas countries such as Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Poland registered expected activity or exceeded it. This holds particularly true concerning domestic tourism.
Looking at the COVID-19 impact on the EU as a whole, recovery is bound to lag for an extended period until restrictions on travel and leisure activities are lifted*.
The EU specifically adopted a Transport and Tourism package to support the recovery of EU Tourism with grants, loans, guarantees, and compensations. Sustained growth has been instrumental in supporting the economic recovery of many Member States, largely contributing to job creation, GDP, and the balance of payments.
1) Temporary State Aid Framework adopted in March 2020 with direct grants up to €800 000;
2) €8 billion from the European Investment Fund to help 100 000 SMEs across the EU;
3) Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) which provides financial assistance up to €100 billion in the form of loans to the Member States;
4) Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRII and CRII+)
